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The unbearable weight of cruft

The dependence effect, AI and you

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JA Westenberg
Feb 20, 2026
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In 1958, the economist John Kenneth Galbraith coined the term “the dependence effect” to describe something he’d noticed about postwar America: once production capacity outstrips genuine human need, you have to manufacture the desire for things nobody actually wanted. Factories that could make ten million widgets needed ten million people to want widget…

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